In support of their ongoing work in schools, they recently embarked on a baseline study to inform these efforts.

The baseline survey involves asking about a variety of topics, including sensitive questions where respondent privacy is paramount. In order to receive honest answers, respondents need to feel that no one else can observe their responses and that they will remain anonymous. WhizzKids selected Mobenzi Researcher to conduct the study and installed the mobile application on 50 low cost handsets which are handed out to learners, one class at a time. Each handset is preloaded with the baseline survey and a facilitator is present to assist each learner in completing the survey and answer questions they may have.

The use of Mobenzi Researcher in this fashion is one of the first examples of Mobile Assisted Self Interviewing (MASI), and represents a low cost, lightweight, and more personal version of the more traditional CASI (Computer Assisted Self Interviewing). MASI also leverages users’ familiarity with a mobile phone, and as WhizzKids report, “respondents find the survey more engaging”.

Read more about the use of Mobenzi Researcher for this project and their experience with the software on the WhizzKids United blog.

Leveraging the Mobile Researcher API to integrate, automate and guide the processes involved in a multi-site, longitudinal clinical intervention project. Download the case study.

Organisation Profile

The South African Medical Research Council (MRC) is a statutory council mandated by government to improve the nation’s health and quality of life through promoting and conducting relevant and responsive health research.  As one of the largest research organisations in the country, the MRC is able to embark on large-scale long-term projects which break new ground in a range of areas including HIV/AIDS.

Project Scope

The MRC’s “Good Start” study focuses on interventions for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and strategies to improve neonatal survival.  The project involves over 40 members of staff and, over the course of its 3 year term, several thousand participants.

Following the successful completion of two preceding phases, participant recruitment of pregnant mothers residing in Umlazi, a township located outside Durban South Africa by Community-based Health Workers (CHWs) began in 2008. Consenting participants, randomly assigned to a control or intervention group based on their household location, receive antenatal and postnatal CHW visits with the view to assess the effectiveness of the intervention strategy.

Antenatal visit dates are based on the mother’s expected date of delivery.  Postnatal visits must take place at specific intervals dependent on the date on which the mother is discharged from her delivery facility.  Operational information from each visit is required which must be relayed to supervisors to facilitate planning and ensure adherence to the visit schedule.  Birth information must be gathered and disseminated immediately to allow for time-critical postnatal visits to take place on time.

The duration a participant remains active in the study varies between 3 and 12 months depending on when she was identified and enrolled.  Upon the completion of applicable visits, an assessment interview is held at Prince Mshiyeni Hospital in Umlazi with a data collector.

Complexities relating to participant exclusions, additional visits for low birth weight infants, multiple possible delivery locations, and severely limited infrastructure posed significant challenges to the MRC’s team.

Mobile Researcher Implementation

Mobile Researcher, used in phase two of the project, was again leveraged as the data collection and communication platform and formed the base on which the development of a portal to cater for the project’s custom logistical, operational and reporting requirements was built.  CHWs could use their entry level handsets (used previously for the collection of baseline data), to complete surveys about each participant visit.  This feedback, along with information regarding enrolment and birth events from data collectors –also captured via low cost mobile phones– was exposed by the Mobile Researcher Application Programming Interface (API) for incorporation into the purpose-built web portal – the Good Start Management Console (GSMC).

The GSMC leverages information from a variety of sources, including data captured on mobile phones to schedule, track, monitor and coordinate the operational activities necessary to fulfil the project mandate.  Supervisors, administrators and managers may login to see, at a glance, the current status of a participant, their upcoming milestones, notes, observations and previous interactions.  Only specific information based on a user’s role is available ensuring that blinding – a common requirement for most intervention studies – is not compromised.

Lasting Impact

The weekly meetings held with CHWs are informed by the wealth of information managed by the GSMC.  Visit schedules which are automatically generated by the system based on the most recent interactions may be printed for each CHW.  As visits take place and are captured in the field, the web-based portal updates to reflect a near real-time view of the progress on the ground.  Reported births from data collectors trigger scheduling of postnatal visits and notifications to supervisors.

Paper forms have been largely removed and data has become centralised and available to authorised project staff for their specific operational, analysis and reporting needs.  Subsequent enhancements will provide detailed performance reports, dashboards and additional functionality to further guide and assist in the successful implementation of this landmark study.

Providing a platform for real-time data collection in rural clinics using standard mobile phones. Download the case study.

Organisation Profile

The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) of South Africa, a statutory body, supports development nationally, in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and in Africa. It primarily conducts large-scale, policy-relevant, social-scientific projects for public-sector users, non-governmental organisations and international development agencies, in partnership with researchers globally, but specifically in Africa.

Project Scope

Project Masihambisane, a clinic-based effectiveness trial, attempts to address an important aspect of the evidence gap which exists on how best to improve the standard Prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) programme. A mentor mother support intervention, which supplements the standard PMTCT programme has been implemented in eight primary health care clinics in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and will be assessed over 12 – 18 months. A sample of approximately 1,600 participants will be evaluated during this period as well as a number of indicators relating to uptake, attendance and participation.

The project entails the collection of data from participants by means of face-to-face interviews at several points during the assessment period with over a thousand data elements captured per participant in total. In addition to interviews, information from other clinic sources is captured as well as clinic and session attendance indicators.

Mobile Researcher Implementation

A team of eighteen female fieldworkers was assembled to collect data daily across the eight clinics using standard Nokia handsets loaded with the Mobile Researcher application. The team received basic training and between August and November 2008, captured over 110,000 data elements.

The intuitive method in which Mobile Researcher guides fieldworkers, question by question, through the conduction of a survey – using a device they are intimately familiar with – allowed complex questionnaires equivalent to 20 condensed printed pages to be captured.

Within hours of surveys being conducted, supervisors, project administrators and researchers had access to the captured data as well as reports on fieldworker activity via the web-based console which forms part of the standard Mobile Researcher service offering.

Using Mobile Researcher’s integrated support for multi-language scenarios, surveys could be designed and conducted in English or isiZulu with data seamlessly merged for reporting and export purposes. 

Lasting Impact

Mobile Researcher has become a self-service tool empowering Project Masihambisane staff to alter, deploy and even design entirely new surveys unassisted. The on-demand availability of collected information, coupled with tighter controls over data quality, provides a solid base from which the HSRC’s dedicated team can pursue the project’s objectives.